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Managing risks of nitrates to humans and the environment

Edited by W S Wilson, A S Ball, University of Essex and R H Hinton, University of Surrey, UK

This volume concentrates on research information on the beneficial effects of nitrates and their fate in the environment. Adopting an integrated approach it covers the agricultural, environmental and medical aspects of this emotive topic. In addition, there is an extensive description of the biochemistry of nitrates in plants, animals and humans including the positive aspects as well as the hazards.

ISBN 1 85573 808 2
ISBN-13: 978 1 85573 808 9
January 1999
348 pages  234 x 156mm  hardback  
£155.00 / US$265.00 / €185.00

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Contents

PART 1 THE NITRATE PROBLEM IN AGRICULTURE
PART 2 ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS OF NITRATES
PART 3 NITRATE AND HEALTH

PART 1 THE NITRATE PROBLEM IN AGRICULTURE

Nitrogen dynamics in natural and agricultural ecosystems
S. C. Jurvis

Predicting nitrate losses from agricultural systems: measurements and models
E. A. Stockdale

Fate of Nitrogen from Manufactured Fertilizers in Agriculture
D. S. Powlson

Using a rotational modelling system to explore the effect of straw incorporation on the efficiency of nitrogen use
Margaret J. Glendining and Jo U. Smith

Assessing the importance of soluble organic nitrogen in agricultural soils
M. J. Glendining and J. U. Smith

Average fertiliser nitrogen use and estimates of nitrogen uptake by major arable crops in england and wales
W. S. Wilson, M. H. B. Hayes and L. V. Vaidyanathan

Nitrate in ensiled grass: A risk or benefit to livestock production?
J. Hill

The effects of elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations on nitrogen cycling in a grassland ecosystem
A. S. Ball and S. Pocock

PART 2 ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS OF NITRATES

The atmospheric nitrogen cycle and the role of anthropogenic activity
D. Fowler, R. I. Smith, U. M. Skiba, M. Coyle, C. Flechard, C. E. R Pitcairnand M. A. Sutton

Nitrates in soils and waters from sewage wastes on land
C. E. Clapp, R. Liu, D. R. Linden, W. E. Larson and R H. Dowdy

The role of nitrates in the eutrophication and acidification of surface waters
M. Hornung

Toxicity of nitrite to freshwater invertebrates
B. H, L. Kelso. D. M. Glass and R V. Smith

Sensitive areas, vulnerable zones and buffer strips: a critical review of policy in agricultural nitrate control
H. F. Cook

Considerations of the amino nitrogen in humic substances
T. M. Hayes, M. H, B. HayesandA. J. Simpson

Fertilizer and nitrate pollution in India
H. Pathak

Status of nitrate contamination in ground water near delhi: a case study
N. Gupta and H. Chandrasekharan

PART 3 NITRATE AND HEALTH

The metabolism of dietary nitrites and nitrates
R. Walker

Identification of nitrate reducing bacteria from the oral cavity of rats and pigs
H. Li, C. Duncan, M. Golden and C. Lefert

Potential risks and benefits of dietary nitrate
M. Golden and C. Lefert

Metabolism of nitrate in humans: implications for nitrate intake
N. Benjamin and G. McKnight

Bacterial nitrate reductase activity is induced in the oral cavity by dietary nitrate
C. Duncan, H. Li, D. Kelly, M. Golden and C. Leifert

Antimicrobial effect of acidified nitrite on gut pathogens: the importance of dietary nitrate in host defence
R. S. Dykhuizen, A. Fraser, C. Duncan, M. Golden, N. Benjaminand C. Leifert

Effects of nitrates and nitrites in experimental animals
A. B. T. J. Boink, J. A. M. A. Dormans, G. J. A. Speijers and W. Vleeming

Nitrate exposure and childhood diabetes
P. A. McKinney, R. Parslow and and H. J. Bodansky