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Animal feed contamination: Effects on livestock and food safetyEdited by J Fink-Gremmels, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
Woodhead Publishing Series in Food Science, Technology and Nutrition No. 215
This book is a comprehensive overview of the issues around animal feed.
Australian Dairy Foods
With this handbook the editor and contributors fill gaps for all those working in the fields of feed and food safety and students in the fields of veterinary medicine and animal sciences, as well as feed and food sciences.
Animal Feed Science and Technology
This book is highly recommended to all those interested in feed and food safety.
Animal Feed Science and Technology
By providing a wide-ranging appraisal of the subject, this publication is an important addition to the understanding of the prevention, detection and management of contamination in animal feeds and will be of benefit to the industry and to researchers
International Journal of Dairy Technology
- provides a comprehensive review of research into animal feed contaminants and their negative effects on both animal and human health
- examines the contamination of feeds and fodder by microorganisms and animal by-products
- analyses contamination by persistant organic pollutants, toxic metals and natural toxins
- explores feed safety and quality management by the safe supply and control of animal feed
The production of animal feed increasingly relies on the global acquisition of feed material, increasing the risk of chemical and microbiological contaminants being transferred into food-producing animals. Animal feed contamination provides a comprehensive overview of recent research into animal feed contaminants and their negative effects on both animal and human health.
Part one focuses on the contamination of feeds and fodder by microorganisms and animal by-products. Analysis of contamination by persistent organic pollutants and toxic metals follows in part two, before the problem of natural toxins is considered in part three. Veterinary medicinal products as contaminants are explored in part four, along with a discussion of the use of antimicrobials in animal feed. Part five goes on to highlight the risk from emerging technologies. Finally, part six explores feed safety and quality management by considering the safe supply and management of animal feed, the process of sampling for contaminant analysis, and the GMP+ feed safety assurance scheme.
With its distinguished editor and international team of expert contributors, Animal feed contamination is an indispensable reference work for all those responsible for food safety control in the food and feed industries, as well as a key source for researchers in this area.
ISBN 1 84569 725 1
ISBN-13: 978 1 84569 725 9
June 2012
704 pages 234 x 156mm hardback
£180.00 / US$305.00 / €215.00
Usually dispatched within 24 hours
About the editor
Johanna Fink-Gremmels is Professor in the Veterinary Faculty of Utrecht University and works within the Institute of Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS). She is also the current President of the European Association for Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology (EAVPT) and a longstanding member of the CONTAM Panel of the European Food Safety Authority. Her work on animal health risk assessment following exposure to contaminants and natural toxins has gained international recognition, resulting in many academic distinctions.
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Contents
PART 1 CONTAMINATION BY MICROORGANISMS AND ANIMAL BY-PRODUCTS
PART 2 CONTAMINATION BY PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS AND TOXIC METALS
PART 3 NATURAL TOXINS IN ANIMAL FEED
PART 4 VETERINARY MEDICINAL PRODUCTS IN FEEDS
PART 5 RISKS FROM EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES
PART 6 FEED SAFETY AND QUALITY MANAGEMENT
Introduction to animal feed contamination
J Fink-Gremmels, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
- Animal feed production
- Feed safety
- Risk management and communication
- Future trends
- References
Introduction to animal feed contamination
J Fink-Gremmels, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
- Animal feed production
- Feed safety
- Risk management and communication
- Future trends
- References
Animal feeds, feeding practices and opportunities for feed contamination: an introduction
R Crawshaw, RC Feed, UK
- Introduction
- Feeds and feeding practices
- Feeding systems
- Feed contamination opportunities
- Rapid alert to feed and food contamination threats
- Future trends
- Sources of further information and advice
- References
PART 1 CONTAMINATION BY MICROORGANISMS AND ANIMAL BY-PRODUCTS
The ecology and control of bacterial pathogens in animal feed
W Q Alali, University of Georgia and S C Ricke, University of Arkansas, USA
- Introduction
- Foodborne pathogen contamination in animal feeds and ingredients
- Detection of pathogens in feeds
- Persistence of Salmonella in feed
- Sampling plans to control pathogens in feed
- Reduction and/or elimination of feed borne pathogens
- Conclusions
- References
Detection and enumeration of microbiological hazards in animal feed
P O Okelo, US Food and Drug Administration, USA
- Introduction
- Microbiological analysis overview
- Role and application of culture methods for the detection and enumeration of microbiological hazards
- Role and application of molecular methods for the detection and enumeration of microbiological hazards
- Role and application of emerging technologies for the detection and enumeration of microbiological hazards
- Future trends
- References
Assessment of the microbiological risks in feedingstuffs for food-producing animals
E Liebana and M Hugas, European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), Italy
- Introduction
- Hazard identification
- Exposure assessment
- Considerations on sampling and detection methods for Salmonella in feed
- Assessment of the contribution of feed as a source of Salmonella infections in animals and humans
- Considerations on the possible establishment of microbiological criteria for Salmonella in feed
- Acknowledgements
- References
Detection and identification of animal by-products in animal feed for the control of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies
P Veys, G Berben, P Dardenne and V Baeten, Walloon Agricultural Research Centre, Belgium
- Introduction
- Legislative framework and requirements
- Future legislative trends in the EU
- Detection and identification of processed animal proteins
- Detection and quantification of glyceroltriheptanoate (GTH)
- Future analytical methods
- Conclusion
- Sources of further information and advice
- References
PART 2 CONTAMINATION BY PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS AND TOXIC METALS
Hazardous chemicals as animal feed contaminants and methods for their detection
M Rose, Food and Environment Research Agency, UK
- Introduction
- Hazardous chemicals
- Legislation
- Future trends
- Sources of further information and advice
- References
Animal feed contamination by dioxins, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and brominated flame retardants
R Hoogenboom, RIKILT-Institute of Food Safety, The Netherlands
- Introduction
- Dioxins and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (dl-PCBs)
- Exposure to dioxins and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (dl-PCBs)
- Carry-over of dioxins and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (dl-PCBs) in food-producing animals
- Brominated flame retardants
- References
- Appendix: abbreviations
Animal feed contamination by toxic metals
M López-Alonso, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Introduction
- Routes of toxic metal contamination of animal feed
- Animal health risk
- Carry-over into food and human health
- Brief review of detection methods
- Prevention of toxic metal contamination
- Regulatory controls
- Future trends
- References
Aquaculture feed contamination by persistent organic pollutants, heavy metals, additives and drug residues
H Amlund, M H G Berntssen, B T Lunestad and A-K Lundebye, National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research (NIFES), Norway
- Introduction
- Persistent organic pollutants
- Heavy metals
- Feed additives
- Drug residues
- Future trends
- Sources of further information and advice
- References
PART 3 NATURAL TOXINS IN ANIMAL FEED
Mycotoxin contamination of animal feed
H Pettersson, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sweden
- Introduction
- Routes of mycotoxin contamination: raw feed materials
- Routes of mycotoxin contamination: mixed feeds and concentrates
- Animal health risks
- Carry over into food
- Detection methods
- Methods for the prevention of mycotoxin
- Regulatory control
- Future trends
- References
Detection and determination of natural toxins (mycotoxins and plant toxins) in feed
S Monbaliu, C Van Peteghem and S De Saeger, Ghent University, Belgium
- Introduction
- Detection and determination of mycotoxins
- Detection and determination of plant toxins
- References
Prevention and control of animal feed contamination by mycotoxins and reduction of their adverse effects in livestock
T K Smith and C K Girish, University of Guelph, Canada
- Introduction
- Methods for decontaminating feedstuffs: strategies to prevent mycotoxin contamination pre- and post-harvest
- Feed additives to prevent mycotoxin absorption from the gastrointestinal tract
- Effects of nutritional supplementation on mycotoxicoses
- Conclusions and implications
- Future trends
- References
Dietary exposure of livestock and humans to hepatotoxic natural products
S M Colegate, and B L Stegelmeier, US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service (USDA ARS), USA J A Edgar, CSIRO, Australia
- Introduction
- The liver and hepatoxicity
- Types of adverse effect on the liver
- Causative agents of hepatoxicity
- The hepatotoxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids
- Conclusions and future trends
- References
PART 4 VETERINARY MEDICINAL PRODUCTS IN FEEDS
Feed additives and veterinary drugs as contaminants in animal feed – the problem of cross contamination during feed production
J O’Mahony, M Moloney and M Danaher, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ireland
- Introduction
- Regulatory provisions
- Cross-contamination at feed mills
- On-farm contamination
- Transfer of residues to food
- Recent developments in analytical methods
- Future trends
- Acknowledgement
- References
Antimicrobials in animal feed: benefits and limitations
S C Ricke and R Jarquin, University of Arkansas and I Hanning, University of Tennessee, USA
- Introduction: limitations
- Benefits of antibiotic usage
- Antimicrobials in feed to prevent diseases
- Development of antimicrobial resistant bacteria
- Antibiotics and poultry gut health
- Future trends
- References
Alternatives to antimicrobial growth promoters (AGPs) in animal feed
C Burel, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (Anses), France
- Introduction
- Chronology of the ban on antimicrobial growth factors (AGPs) in Europe
- Main consequences of the ban on antimicrobial growth factors (AGPs) in Europe
- Mode of action of the antimicrobial growth factors (AGPs) in animal production and possible alternatives
- Traditional therapeutic approaches as an alternative to antimicrobial growth factors (AGPs)
- Novel nutritional strategies and feed additives
- Conclusions
- References
Chemical risk assessment of animal feed
A Mantovani, Istituto Superiore di Sanità (ISS), Italy
- Introduction
- Risk assessment of feed additives and contaminants
- Future trends
- Acknowledgement
- References
PART 5 RISKS FROM EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES
Safety of genetically modified (GM) crop ingredients in animal feed
G A Kleter and E J Kok, RIKILT – Institute of Food Safety, Wageningen University and Research Center, The Netherlands
- Introduction
- Regulatory context for genetically modified (GM) crops to be used in feed
- Regulatory safety assessment
- Labelling, traceability and detection of genetically modified (GM) feed ingredients
- Conclusions
- References
- Appendix: list of abbreviations
Detection of genetically modified (GM) crops for control of animal feed integrity
T Reuter, T W Alexander and T A McAllister, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Canada
- Introduction
- Detection of genetically modified (GM) plants
- Protein based detection of biotech crops
- DNA-based detection of biotech crops
- Conclusion
- References
Potential contamination issues arising from the use of biofuel and food industry by-products in animal feed
K Granby and A Mortensen, Technical University of Denmark and B Broesboel-Jensen, The Danish Plant Directorate, Denmark
- Introduction
- Potential contamination issues arising from the use of biofuel by-products in animal feed
- Potential contamination issues arising from the use of food industry by-products in animal feed
- The impacts on animal and human health
- Legislation and regulatory control
- Sources of further information and advice
- Future trends
- References
Nanoscale feed ingredients and animal and human health
J E Riviere, North Carolina State University, USA
- Introduction
- Definition of a nanoscale material
- Origin of nanomaterials in animal feed
- Potential health and safety issues
- How to differentiate between nanomaterials and organic chemicals during detection
- Regulatory status
- Future trends
- Sources of further information and advice
- References
PART 6 FEED SAFETY AND QUALITY MANAGEMENT
Animal feed sampling for contaminant analysis
C Brera, B De Santis and E Prantera, Italian National Institute for Health (ISS), Italy
- Introduction
- Methods of sample selection
- Designing sampling plans
- Estimation of sampling uncertainty
- Future trends
- References
Ensuring the safe supply of animal-derived ingredients for animal feed
S L Woodgate, Foodchain and Biomass Renewables Association (FABRA), UK
- Introduction
- The animal livestock industry and origin of animal by-products (ABP)
- Rendering process evaluation
- The TSE/BSE crisis and its implications
- Processing of animal by-products
- Risk identification and management in animal feeds
- Future trends
- References
- Appendix: Glossary of terms
Management of animal feed safety in the USA
J F Scheid, US Food and Drug Administration, USA
- Introduction
- Specific feed safety programs
- The US Animal Feed Safety System (AFSS)
- International work to improve food safety
- Conclusion
- References
The GMP+ Feed Safety Assurance (FSA) scheme
J den Hartog, GMP+ International, The Netherlands
- Introduction
- Development of GMP+ feed safety policy since
- Structure and content of the GMP+ Feed Safety Assurance (FSA) Scheme
- Participation in the GMP+ Feed Safety Assurance (FSA) scheme
- Additional support of companies
- Feed safety culture
- Future trends
- Acknowledgements
- References